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There are currently no approved pharmacological treatments to improve social reciprocity and limit repetitive and rigid behaviors in autism spectrum disorder ASD. The primary endpoint of each is change in Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 total raw score after 6 months.
These studies could contribute to the first pharmacological treatment to improve social reciprocity and limit repetitive and rigid behaviors in children and adolescents with ASD. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, Bumetanide, Pediatrics, Randomized controlled trial. Autism spectrum disorder ASD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterized by an early onset of persistent deficits in communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, and the presence of restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities American Psychiatric Association , Today, no pharmacological treatments exist for these symptoms.
Associated symptoms and behaviors such as irritability, self-injuriousness, temper tantrums, quickly changing moods, sleep disturbances, anxiety, or depressive disorders are frequently reported Fitzpatrick et al. ASD is more common in males than females, with a gender ratio of approximately in community studies Loomes et al. The gender difference may be caused by under- or mis-diagnosis in females Loomes et al.
The global prevalence of ASD in children is estimated to be 7. In , The varied severity and presentation of ASD can make diagnosis and treatment challenging. The causes of ASD have not been completely elucidated, however a number of genetic and environmental risk factors and interplay between them are believed to be involved Park et al. Risk factors include previous ASD diagnosis in an older sibling, genetic mutations, older paternal age at the time of conception, preterm birth, intrauterine inflammation, drug exposure during pregnancy and in the perinatal period, and delivery complications Autism Genome Project Consortium et al.
